TIME	EVENT DESCRIPTION	LOCATION
UNIVERSE
1,000,000,000,000 YBN	1) We are a tiny part of a universe that is made of an infinite amount of space, matter and time.
990,000,000,000 YBN	2) There is more space than matter.
980,000,000,000 YBN	3) All matter is made of particles of light.
970,000,000,000 YBN	11) The universe has no start or end. The same light particles that have always been, continue to move in the space that has always been.
960,000,000,001 YBN	5) Matter and motion can never be created, destroyed or exchanged.
950,000,000,000 YBN	6) Light particles become trapped with each other forming protons, stars and galaxies.
940,000,000,000 YBN	7) All of the galaxies we see are only a tiny part of the universe. We will never see most of the universe because no light particles from there can ever reach us.
935,000,000,000 YBN	4) Light particles move to less filled spaces. As a space fills, light particles form gas clouds called nebuli, and then galaxies of stars. Living objects grow around stars and pull stars together to form globular clusters and then a globular galaxy. Living objects need matter to stop their decay. Light particles that move to empty spaces form new nebuli which continues the cycle. Stars may be light particles at a much larger scale, just as light particles may be stars at a much smaller scale. This system may go on infinitely in both larger and smaller scale.
LIFE
165,000,000,000 YBN	13) The Milky Way Nebula starts to form.
33,000,000,000 YBN	6180) First star.
22,000,000,000 YBN	6181) Living objects reach another star.
10,000,000,000 YBN	6182) First globular cluster.
5,500,000,000 YBN	16) Our star.
5,500,000,000 YBN	17) Planets form. Like the star they have liquid metal at the surface. Larger planets are surrounded by gas.
4,600,000,000 YBN	30) Planet Earth cools, crust forms, water condenses and falls to make the first Earth oceans, lakes, and rivers.
4,400,000,000 YBN	18) Larger molecules form on Earth like amino acids and sugars.
4,395,000,000 YBN	19) Nucleic acids form on Earth.
4,385,000,000 YBN	167) RNA links amimo acids into the first proteins.
4,380,000,000 YBN	40) A protein copies nucleic acid molecules.
4,355,000,000 YBN	20) The first cell on Earth. DNA is surrounded by proteins.
4,350,000,000 YBN	183) Cells make the first lipids on Earth.
4,187,000,000 YBN	181) Cell response to light.
4,000,000,000 YBN	43) Photosynthesis, cells emit free Oxygen.
3,950,000,000 YBN	37) Multicellular prokaryotes.
3,900,000,000 YBN	57) Aerobic cellular respiration. First aerobic cell. Cell uses oxygen.
3,850,000,000 YBN	36) Oldest physical evidence for life: ratio of carbon-13 to carbon-12.	Akilia Island, Western Greenland
3,850,000,000 YBN	45) Oldest sediment, the "Banded Iron Formation" begins.	Akilia Island, Western Greenland
3,500,000,000 YBN	39) Oldest fossil evidence of life: stromatolites.	Warrawoona, Western Australia, and, Fig Tree Group, South Africa
3,500,000,000 YBN	287) Oldest fossil of an organism.	Warrawoona, northwestern Western Australia and Onverwacht Group, Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa
2,800,000,000 YBN	177) Gender and sex (conjugation) evolve in bacteria.
2,795,000,000 YBN	23) The first virus.
2,730,000,000 YBN	80) Cells can eat other cells.
2,700,000,000 YBN	60) Eukaryotic cell. The first cell with a nucleus. The first protist. The nucleus may develop from the infolding of plasma membrane.
2,640,000,000 YBN	73) Eukaryote sex evolves. First diploid cell (2 sets of chromosomes). First zygote. Increase in genetic variety.
2,610,000,000 YBN	296) Eukaryote gender.
2,480,000,000 YBN	170) Bacteria live on land.
2,300,000,000 YBN	48) Oldest "Red Beds". Evidence of free oxygen in the air.
2,000,000,000 YBN	63) A captured bacterium becomes a mitochondrion.
1,800,000,000 YBN	46) End of Banded Iron Formation.
1,570,000,000 YBN	99) Homeobox genes regulate the building of major body parts.
1,520,000,000 YBN	203) Colonialism evolves in Eukaryote.
1,500,000,000 YBN	15) Cyanobacteria become plastids in a eukaryotic cell.
1,500,000,000 YBN	86) First plant.
1,280,000,000 YBN	38) Multicellular Eukaryotes.	(earlest red alga fossils:) (Hunting Formation) Somerset Island, arctic Canada
1,280,000,000 YBN	85) Differentiation in multicellular eukaryote. Gamete (or spore) cells and somatic cells. Start of death by aging.
1,200,000,000 YBN	221) First fungi.
1,080,000,000 YBN	97) Eukaryote eye, first three-dimensional response to light.
670,000,000 YBN	286) Multicellularity evolves in a free moving Protist. This allows larger free moving organisms to evolve.
660,000,000 YBN	81) First animal and first metazoan (sponges).
660,000,000 YBN	517) Male gonad.
650,000,000 YBN	69) Animal cells group as tissues.
640,000,000 YBN	83) First nerve cell (neuron), and nervous system. Earliest touch and sound detection and memory.
640,000,000 YBN	96) Muscle cells.
640,000,000 YBN	414) Ovary.
630,000,000 YBN	82) Cnidarians {NIDAREeNS} (corals, jellyfish). Earliest animal eye.
600,000,000 YBN	107) Bilateral species (two sided symmetry). Earliest animal brain. Third embryonic layer: the mesoderm {meZuDRM}.
600,000,000 YBN	459) Intestine.
600,000,000 YBN	532) Cylindrical gut, anus, and through-put of food evolves in a bilaterian.
600,000,000 YBN	593) Genital pore, vagina, and uterus.
600,000,000 YBN	660) Penis.
590,000,000 YBN	98) Blood vessels and blood.
580,000,000 YBN	93) Protostomes, ancestor of all arthropods and molluscs.
580,000,000 YBN	105) Deuterostomes (ancestor of acorn worms, starfish and all chordates).
580,000,000 YBN	131) First shell (or skeleton).	(Doushantuo Formation) Beidoushan, Guizhou Province, South China
570,000,000 YBN	311) Earliest teeth. Animals start to eat other animals.
565,000,000 YBN	347) Chordates (ancestor of all tunicates {TUNiKiTS}, fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds).
565,000,000 YBN	348) Tunicates {TUNiKiTS}.
560,000,000 YBN	349) First fish.
543,000,000 YBN	101) Segmentation.
535,000,000 YBN	114) Heart.
533,000,000 YBN	343) Mollusks.
530,000,000 YBN	339) Arthropods (crustaceans, insects).
530,000,000 YBN	350) Vertebrates (ancestor of most fishes, and all amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds).
475,000,000 YBN	244) Non-vascular plants (Liverworts, Mosses).
475,000,000 YBN	398) Plants live on land.	earliest fossils: Caradoc, Libya
472,000,000 YBN	402) Animals live on land, arthropods.	earliest arthropod tracks: Kingston, Ontario, Canada
460,000,000 YBN	353) Jawed vertebrates. First vertebrate teeth.	Oceans
440,000,000 YBN	236) Vascular plants.
440,000,000 YBN	6172) Lung.	Ocean (presumably)
385,000,000 YBN	405) First forests.	earliest fossils: Gilboa, New York, USA
385,000,000 YBN	411) First flying animal (arthropod insect).	earliest fossils: (Wamsutta Formation) southeastern Massachusetts and Upper Silesian Basin, Czech Republic
375,000,000 YBN	380) First tetrapods (organisms with four feet), the amphibians. First limbs (arms and legs) and fingers.	Fresh water, Greenland (on the equator)
363,000,000 YBN	379) Vertebrates live on land.	Fresh water, Greenland (on the equator)
359,000,000 YBN	243) First seed.	earliest fossils: Scotland
340,000,000 YBN	384) Hard-shell egg. The Amniota {aMnEOtu} (ancestor of reptiles, mammals and birds). Start of vertebrate internal fertilization.	earliest fossils: Bathgate, West Lothian, Scotland
317,000,000 YBN	385) Reptiles.	earliest fossils: (Joggins Formation) Nova Scotia, Canada
260,000,000 YBN	232) Warm-blooded, hair growing animal.
228,000,000 YBN	412) Dinosaurs.	earliest fossils: (Ischigualasto Formation) Valley of the Moon, Ischigualasto Provinvial Park, northwestern Argestina
225,000,000 YBN	126) Mammals.	earliest fossils: (Dockum Formation) Kalgary, Crosby County, Texas, USA
220,000,000 YBN	428) First flying vertebrate (Pterosaur).
150,000,000 YBN	393) Birds evolve. First feather.
145,000,000 YBN	245) First flowering plant. Fruits, nuts, vegetables.	Israel, Morocco, Libya, and possibly China
140,000,000 YBN	457) Marsupials. First nipple and breast.	China
125,000,000 YBN	163) Placental mammals.	earliest fossils: (Daxigou) Jianchang County, Liaoning Province, China
105,000,000 YBN	491) Afrotheres.	Africa
85,000,000 YBN	499) Laurasiatheres.	Laurasia
65,000,000 YBN	508) Rodents.
63,000,000 YBN	587) Primates. Opposable thumb.	Africa or India
24,000,000 YBN	662) Primate loses tail.
6,000,000 YBN	544) Chimpanzees.	Africa
4,400,000 YBN	546) Ardipithecus. Earliest bipedal primate.	Lukeino Formation, Tugen Hills, Kenya, Africa
SCIENCE
2,500,000 YBN	455) Stone tools.	Gona, Ethiopia
2,200,000 YBN	447) Humans. Homo habilis. The human brain starts getting bigger.	(Kenya and Tanzania) Africa
1,800,000 YBN	563) Homo erectus {hOmO ireKTuS}.	Lake Turkana, East Africa
1,700,000 YBN	449) Erectus moves into Eurasia.
1,500,000 YBN	583) Controlled use of fire.	(Swartkrans cave) Swartkrans, South Africa
1,000,000 YBN	589) Erectus evolves less body hair.
970,000 YBN	200) Hominids wear clothing.	Happisburgh, Norfolk, UK
400,000 YBN	615) Spear.	Kathu Pan 1, South Africa|(Schöningen, Germany.)
200,000 YBN	548) Homo sapiens.	Ethiopia, Africa
200,000 YBN	590) The thirty sounds of human language.
101,000 YBN [99000 BC]	594) Sapiens move into Eurasia.
100,000 YBN [98000 BC]	6333) Theory of Gods.	(Es-Skhul) Mount Carmel, Israel
61,000 YBN [59000 BC]	614) Bow and arrows.	Sibudu Cave, South Africa
46,000 YBN [44000 BC]	577) Humans reach Australia by boat.
40,000 YBN [38000 BC]	604) Oil lamp.	Southwest France
40,000 YBN [38000 BC]	1262) Painting.	(The Panel de las Manos) El Castillo Cave, Spain|Southern France
40,000 YBN [38000 BC]	5871) Musical instrument.	Hohle Fels Cave, Germany
32,000 YBN [30000 BC]	602) Weaving.	Dzudzuana Cave, Georgia
31,700 YBN [29700 BC]	42) Humans raise dogs.	Goyet cave, Belgium
29,000 YBN [27000 BC]	6215) Ceramics.	Dolni Věstonice, Czechoslovakia
18,000 YBN [16000 BC]	603) Pottery.	(Yuchanyan cave), Daoxian County, Hunan Province, China
13,000 YBN [11000 BC]	578) Humans enter America.	Mexico City and Arlington Canyon on Santa Rosa Island, California, USA
11,000 YBN [9000 BC]	606) First city.	Jericho, (modern West Bank) Palestine
9,500 YBN [7500 BC]	612) Wheat grown.	Tell Abu Hureyra, Syria|southeastern Turkey and northern Syria (Nevali Cori, Turkey)
9,240 YBN [7240 BC]	1478) Squash grown.	Paiján, Peru
7,700 YBN [5700 BC]	719) Rice grown.	Kuahuqiao, Hangzhou Bay, Zhejiang Province|Yangtze (in Hubei and Hunan provinces), China
7,000 YBN [5000 BC]	627) Metal casting (copper).	Belovode, Eastern Serbia
5,500 YBN [3500 BC]	646) The wheel.	Mesopotamia (and a similar pottery wheel from Choga Mish, Iran)
5,350 YBN [3350 BC]	1261) Writing on clay tablets.	Uruk
5,310 YBN [3310 BC]	704) Animal pulled vehicles.	(TRB - Funnel Beaker culture) Bronocice, Krakow, Poland
4,500 YBN [2500 BC]	635) Iron casting.	Alaca Höyük in northern Anatolia (modern Turkey)|Palestine|Tell Hammeh (az-Zarqa), Jordan|Central Europe and north Assyria
4,300 YBN [2300 BC]	667) Glass making.	Mesopotamia
4,300 YBN [2300 BC]	1271) Written stories.	Lagash|Nippur
4,000 YBN [2000 BC]	733) Lock and key.	Nineveh, Assyria on the Tigris River
3,531 YBN [1531 BC]	639) Planets recognized.	Babylon
2,529 YBN [529 BC]	772) Earth described as a sphere.	Croton, Italy
2,467 YBN [467 BC]	836) That stars are other Suns is known.	Clazomenae (75 miles/120 km north of Miletus)|Athens|Did not move to Athens until around 462 bce
2,467 YBN [467 BC]	1894) Particle (or wireless) communication.	Argos, Greece
2,460 YBN [460 BC]	841) Theory of atoms.
2,260 YBN [260 BC]	882) Rotation of Earth around self and Sun understood.	(Mousion of Alexandria) Alexandria, Egpyt
2,246 YBN [246 BC]	898) Size of Earth known.	Alexandria, Egypt
2,140 YBN [140 BC]	1070) Paper.	Pa-chhiao near Sian in the Shensi province of China|Xian, China
2,056 YBN [56 BC]	1045) Theory that light is an atom.	Rome, Italy
1,950 YBN [50 AD]	1078) Steam engine.	Alexandria, Egypt
1,150 YBN [850 AD]	1144) Gunpowder.	China
1,040 YBN [960 AD]	6186) Rocket.	China
868 YBN [1132 AD]	1146) Gun.	Ta-tsu, Szechuan Province, China
772 YBN [1228 AD]	1392) Theory that all matter is made of light.	Oxford, England
392 YBN [1608 AD]	1618) Telescope.	Middleburgh, Zeeland (Holland) (modern: Netherlands)
390 YBN [01/??/1610 AD]	1605) Moons of Jupiter seen.	(University of Padua) Padua, Venice, Italy
390 YBN [1610 AD]	6488) Microscope.	Middleburgh, Zeeland (Holland) (modern: Netherlands)
357 YBN [1643 AD]	1692) Vacuum.	Florence, Italy
322 YBN [1678 AD]	3592) Direct neuron activation. Muscle contracted with electricity.	Amsterdam, Netherlands (presumably)
313 YBN [1687 AD]	1845) Law of gravitation.	Cambridge, England (presumably)
209 YBN [1791 AD]	2175) Remote neuron activation (muscle contracted remotely by light particles).	Bologna, Italy
200 YBN [03/20/1800 AD]	2250) Electric battery.	Pavia, Italy
200 YBN [03/27/1800 AD]	2179) Invisible light recognized.	Slough, England
199 YBN [11/12/1801 AD]	2405) Frequencies of light measured.	London, England
191 YBN [1809 AD]	2481) Electric light.	London, England
180 YBN [1820 AD]	3374) Gas combustion engine.	(Magdalen College) Cambridge, England
179 YBN [09/11/1821 AD]	2701) Electric motor.	(Royal Institution in) London, England
174 YBN [1826 AD]	2355) Photograph.	Chalon-sur-Saône, France
170 YBN [1830 AD]	4003) Sound recorded.	(University of) Göttingen, Germany
169 YBN [09/??/1831 AD]	2705) Electric generator.	(Royal Institution in) London, England
168 YBN [1832 AD]	2514) Plastic.	Nancy, France
161 YBN [07/29/1839 AD]	3308) Light converted to electricity.	(University of Paris) Paris, France
155 YBN [04/??/1845 AD]	2839) Spiral galaxies seen.	(Birr Castle) Parsonstown, Ireland
142 YBN [07/01/1858 AD]	3033) Theory of evolution.	(Linnean Society), London, England
141 YBN [10/20/1859 AD]	3087) Atomic composition determined from light spectra.	(University of Heidelberg), Heidelberg, Germany
139 YBN [10/26/1861 AD]	3997) Microphone, speaker, and telephone. Sound converted to electricity and back.	(built in workshop behind Reis's house and cabinet in Garnier's Institute, Friedrichsdorf, demonstrated before Physical Society) Frankfort, Germany
125 YBN [08/28/1875 AD]	5575) Direct neuron reading.	Liverpool, England
120 YBN [1880 AD]	5839) Artificial muscle.	(University of Giessen) Giessen, Germany
118 YBN [03/24/1882 AD]	3620) Invisible particle communication.	(employed at Tuft's College) Sommerville, Massachusetts, USA
111 YBN [06/21/1889 AD]	4021) Motion picture camera.	(Piccadilly) London, England
105 YBN [11/05/1895 AD]	3936) X-rays.	(University of Würzburg) Würzburg, Germany
97 YBN [03/23/1903 AD]	4493) Airplane.	Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina, USA
94 YBN [12/21/1906 AD]	4788) Electric switch and amplifier.	(De Forest Radio Telephone Company) New York City, New York, USA
93 YBN [05/??/1907 AD]	4269) Atoms separated by mass.	(Cambridge University) Cambridge, England
93 YBN [11/13/1907 AD]	354) Helicopter.
92 YBN [06/06/1908 AD]	3616) Image sent and received by radio.	London, England
81 YBN [04/??/1919 AD]	4750) Atomic transmutation and atomic fusion.	(University of Manchester) Manchester, England
68 YBN [04/16/1932 AD]	5182) Atomic fission.	(Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University) Cambridge, England
63 YBN [05/22/1937 AD]	5515) Picture of individual atoms.	(Siemens and Halske) Berlin, Germany
61 YBN [04/30/1939 AD]	5835) Bipedal robot.	(Westinghouse Electric Corporation) Mansfield, Ohio, USA
47 YBN [04/02/1953 AD]	5660) Structure of DNA understood.	(Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge) Cambridge, England
46 YBN [05/05/1954 AD]	5649) MASER.	(Columbia University) New York City, New York, USA
43 YBN [10/04/1957 AD]	5486) Human-made satellite.	(Baikonur Cosmodrome at Tyuratam) Kazakhstan, U.S.S.R.
41 YBN [09/14/1959 AD]	5597) Ship impacts moon.	(Baikonur Cosmodrome) Tyuratam, Kazakhstan, U.S.S.R.
39 YBN [04/12/1961 AD]	5601) Human orbits Earth.	Saratovskaya oblast, U.S.S.R.
31 YBN [07/21/1969 AD]	655) Humans walk on the moon of Earth.	Moon of Earth
29 YBN [12/02/1971 AD]	5620) Ship lands on Mars.	Planet Mars
27 YBN [12/03/1973 AD]	5622) Ship reaches Jupiter.	Planet Jupiter
21 YBN [09/01/1979 AD]	388) Ship reaches Saturn.	Planet Saturn
14 YBN [01/24/1986 AD]	5628) Ship reaches Uranus.	Planet Uranus
12 YBN [12/14/1988 AD]	6194) Microscopic motor.	(University of California at Berkeley), Berkeley, California, USA
11 YBN [08/25/1989 AD]	5629) Ship reaches Neptune.	Planet Neptune
10 YBN [01/17/1990 AD]	6191) Individual atoms moved.	(IBM Research Division, Almaden Research Center) San Jose, California, USA
1 YAN [06/28/2001 AD]	6192) Microscopic radio chip.	(Hitachi) Japan
8 YAN [12/10/2008 AD]	3886) Remote neuron reading. Image of what the eyes are seeing captured remotely.	(Collaboration between researchers at two Japanese Universities, two research Institutes, and ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories) Kyoto, Japan
FUTURE
15 YAN [2015 AD]	332) Sound a brain hears recorded remotely.
18 YAN [2018 AD]	6208) Radio device functions as cell organelle.
25 YAN [2025 AD]	337) Remote neuron writing using microscopic devices in neurons.
25 YAN [2025 AD]	6193) Microscopic camera.
25 YAN [2025 AD]	6198) Microscopic flying camera.
30 YAN [2030 AD]	365) Thought-audio recorded and played out loud. Humans start to communicate by thought-image and thought-sound only.
30 YAN [2030 AD]	366) Artificial muscle bipedal robot.
30 YAN [2030 AD]	680) Thought-images seen.
50 YAN [2050 AD]	790) Humans walk with robot servants.
100 YAN [2100 AD]	367) Most humans communicate only by images and sounds of thought.
100 YAN [2100 AD]	793) Helicopter-cars form a second line of traffic above the streets.
100 YAN [2100 AD]	794) 100 ships with humans orbit Earth.
140 YAN [2140 AD]	687) Large scale transmutation: common atoms like Iron converted into Hydrogen and Oxygen using particle colliders.
180 YAN [2180 AD]	4594) Humans live on Mars.	Mars
200 YAN [2200 AD]	792) Robots do most manual labor tasks.
200 YAN [2200 AD]	795) 1000 human-filled ships orbit earth.
350 YAN [2350 AD]	6393) Ship reaches other star (Alpha Centauri). First close up pictures of planets of a different star.
370 YAN [2370 AD]	6209) Living objects found around another star (bacteria made of DNA).	Alpha Centauri
500 YAN [2500 AD]	686) End of death by aging.
650 YAN [2650 AD]	4619) Humans create atoms from light particles.
800 YAN [2800 AD]	4615) Humans live on Venus.	Venus
800 YAN [2800 AD]	4628) Humans change the motion of a moon.	Jupiter
850 YAN [2850 AD]	4580) Humans change the motion of a planet.	Earth
900 YAN [2900 AD]	29) Ship impacts Jupiter. First image of surface of Jupiter.	Jupiter
1,200 YAN [3200 AD]	4614) Ship from Centauri reaches Earth with objects.	Earth System
1,200 YAN [3200 AD]	4637) Humans reach a different star, Centauri.	Alpha Centauri
1,500 YAN [3500 AD]	684) Atmosphere of Venus removed.	Venus
2,000 YAN [4000 AD]	4644) Atmosphere of Jupiter removed.	Jupiter
2,000 YAN [4000 AD]	4646) Humans have ships at 10 stars.
2,500 YAN [4500 AD]	4655) Humans live on Jupiter.	Jupiter
2,500 YAN [4500 AD]	4662) Motion of all planets under control.
3,100 YAN [5100 AD]	4671) Image of advanced life of a different star.
3,500 YAN [5500 AD]	6176) Motion of star controlled. Star of Earth moved in direction of Centauri.	Sun
4,000 YAN [6000 AD]	4675) Humans touch advanced life of a different star.
5,000 YAN [7000 AD]	678) One trillion humans.
25,000 YAN [27000 AD]	4677) Humans inhabit 100 stars and form a globular cluster of 10 stars.
45,000 YAN [47000 AD]	4679) Humans inhabit 1000 stars and form a globular cluster of 100 stars.
63,000 YAN [65000 AD]	6171) Humans reach the center of the Earth.	Earth
65,000 YAN [67000 AD]	6174) Earth is completely filled with living objects.	Earth
70,000 YAN [72000 AD]	4684) Humans inhabit 10,000 stars and form a globular cluster of 1,000 stars.
90,000 YAN [92000 AD]	6210) Human-made globular cluster of 10,000 stars leaves the plane of the Milky Way Galaxy.
138,000 YAN	4678) All planets of Star of Earth consumed.
148,000 YAN	100) The star of Earth is consumed.
630,000 YAN	106) Ten to the power 100 humans.
30,000,000,000 YAN	4687) Milky Way Globular Galaxy integrates with Magellanic Cloud galaxies.	Milky Way Galaxy
40,000,000,000 YAN	4688) Milky Way and Andromeda globular galaxies join.	Milky Way Galaxy and Andromeda Galaxy

"Universe, Life, Science, Future" is published under the GNU license, except where otherwise indicated or determined to be fair use, copyrighted, public domain, CC, GDFL or other license.
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